Miratul Hukama or The Mirror of Philosophers

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A survey of the works of many Western philosophers (from Ancient Greece till 19th century Europe), and Islamic philosophers who wrote in Arabic and Farsi (Persian)during the Middle Ages and later. The author rather modestly describes this work (in the Preface in English) as follows: "This book Miratul Hukama (The Mirror of Philosophers) lays claim to no other originality than this that it presents to the Urdoo (Urdu) knowing class of people an ample field of Metaphysical research hitherto untrod by any vernacular writer. In fact I make no pretence of giving to my countrymen a new discovery in the region of metaphysics in general or in the province of Mental Science....But a claim to attention, if this work possesses any, is grounded on the fact that I have systematically and scientifically cemented together the metaphysical views hitherto promulgated by some of the distinguished speculative authors of Europe and of Asia. I think this my humble production can serve as an introduction to such mighty authors as ARISTOLTE, DES CARTES, JOHN LOCKE, BISHOP BERKLEY, DAVID HUME, Dr. REID, SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON, AVICENNA, ALGAZALI, ALHAZEN, SADROODEEN of SHIRAZ, MULLA JELAL, NUFEES as well as